The Kings and Prophets of Israel

Daniel 2:20–21 “Daniel answered and said: ‘Blessed be the name of God forever and ever, to whom belong wisdom and might. [21] He changes times and seasons; he removes kings and sets up kings” (ESV)

The Kings of the United Kingdom of Israel

  • Saul - good start -> EVIL (1051-1011 BC) 1 Samuel 9-31; 1 Chronicles 8-10

  • David - GOOD (1011-971 BC) 1 Samuel 16 - 1 Kings 2; 1 Chronicles 11-29

  • Solomon - mostly GOOD (971-931 BC) - 1 Kings 1-11; 2 Chronicles 1-9

Good and Evil Kings of Judah (Southern Tribes) - The Divided Kingdom

  • Rehoboam - good start -> EVIL (931-913 BC) 1 Kings 11:43-12:24; 14:21-31; 2 Chronicles 9:31-12:16

  • Abijah/Abijam - EVIL (913-911 BC) 1 Kings 14:31-15:8; 2 Chronicles 12:16-14:1

  • Asa - GOOD -> bad finish (911-870 BC) 1 Kings 15:9-24

  • Jehoshapat - GOOD -> bad finish (873-848 BC) 1 Kings 22:1-50; 2 Chronicles 17:1-21:1

  • Jehoram/Joram - EVIL (853-841 BC) 2 Kings 8:16-24; 2 Chronicles 21:1-20

  • Ahaziah - EVIL (841 BC) 2 Kings 8:24-29; 9:14-29; 2 Chronicles 22:1-9

  • Athaliah (Queen) - EVIL (841-835 BC) 2 Kings 11:1-20; 2 Chronicles 22:10-23:21

  • Joash/Jehoash - mostly GOOD (835-796 BC) 2 Kings 11:1-12:21; 2 Chronicles 22:10-24:27

  • Amaziah - mostly GOOD (796-767 BC) 2 Kings 12:21; 14:1-20; 2 Chronicles 24:27-25:28

  • Uzziah/Azariah - mostly GOOD (792-740 BC) 2 Kings 14:21-22; 15:1-7; 2 Chronicles 26:1-23

  • Jotham - mostly GOOD (750-732 BC) 2 Kings 15:32-38; 2 Chronicles 26:23-29:9

  • Ahaz/Jehoahaz - EVIL (735-716 BC) 2 Kings 16:1-20; 2 Chronicles 27:9-28:27

  • Hezekiah - GOOD (716-687 BC) 2 Kings 18:1-20:21; 2 Chronicles 28:27-32:33

  • Manasseh - EVIL -> good finish (697-693 BC) 2 Kings 21:1-18; 2 Chronicles 32:33-33:20

  • Amon - EVIL (643-641 BC) 2 Kings 21:18-26; 2 Chronicles 33:20-25

  • Josiah - GOOD (641-609 BC) 2 Kings 21:26-23:30; 2 Chronicles 33:25-35:27

  • Jehoahaz/Shallum - EVIL (609 BC, 3 months) 2 Kings 23:30-34; 2 Chronicles 36:1-4

  • Jehoiakim/Eliakim - EVIL (609-598 BC) 2 Kings 23:34-24:6; 2 Chronicles 36:4-8

  • Jehoiachin/Jeconiah/Coniah - EVIL (598-597 BC, 3 months) 2 Kings 24:6-16; 25:27-30; 2 Chronicles 36:8-10

  • Zedekiah/Mattaniah - EVIL (597-586 BC) 2 Kings 24:17-25:7; 2 Chronicles 36:10-13

  • The Babylonian Conquest of Judah (586 BC) - 2 Kings 25:9,21 “And he burned the house of the LORD and the king’s house and all the houses of Jerusalem; every great house he burned down. …[21] And the king of Babylon struck them down and put them to death at Riblah in the land of Hamath. So Judah was taken into exile out of its land.”

The Evil Kings of Israel (Northern Tribes) - The Divided Kingdom

  • Jeroboam I - EVIL (931-910 BC) 1 Kings 11:26-14:20; 2 Chronicles 9:29-13:20

  • Nadab - EVIL (910-909BC) 1 Kings 15:25-31

  • Baasha - EVIL (909-886 BC) 1 Kings 15:16-16:7; 2 Chronicles 16:1-6

  • Elah - EVIL (886-885 BC) 1 Kings 16:6-14

  • Zimri - EVIL (885 BC, 7 days) 1 Kings 16:9-20

  • Tibni - EVIL (885-880 BC, Israel divided between Tibni and Omri) 1 Kings 16:21-22

  • Omri - EVIL (885-874 BC) 1 Kings 16:15-28

  • Ahab - EVIL (874-853 BC) 1 Kings 16:28-22:40; 2 Chronicles 18:1-34

  • Ahaziah - EVIL (853-852 BC) 1 Kings 22:40 - 2 Kings 1:18; 2 Chronicles 20:35-37

  • Joram/Jehoram - EVIL (852-841 BC) 2 Kings 3:1-27; 9:14-26; 2 Chronicles 22:5-7

  • Jehu - EVIL (841-814 BC) 2 Kings 9:1-10:36; 2 Chronicles 22:7-9

  • Jehoahaz - EVIL (814-798 BC) 2 Kings 13:1-9

  • Jehoash/Joash - EVIL (798-782 BC) 2 Kings 13:9-14:16; 2 Chronicles 25:17-25

  • Jeroboam II - EVIL (793-753 BC) 2 Kings 14:23-29

  • Zechariah - EVIL (753 BC, 6 months) 2 Kings 14:29; 15:8-12

  • Shallum - EVIL (752 BC, 1 month) 2 Kings 15:10-15

  • Menahem - EVIL (752-742 BC) 2 Kings 15:14-22

  • Pekahiah - EVIL (742-740 BC) 2 Kings 15:22-26

  • Pekah - EVIL (752-732 BC) 2 Kings 15:25-31; 2 Chronicles 28:5-8

  • Hoshea - EVIL (732-722 BC) 2 Kings 15:30; 17:1-6

  • The Assyrian Conquest of Israel (722 BC) - 2 Kings 17:6 “In the ninth year of Hoshea, the king of Assyria captured Samaria, and he carried the Israelites away to Assyria and placed them in Halah, and on the Habor, the river of Gozan, and in the cities of the Medes.”

Prophets to Israel and Judah

Focus, (Time Period), Hometown, Scriptures, Brief Summary

  • Samuel - to (united) Israel (1060-1020 BC) Ramah - 1 Samuel 1-28 - anoints Saul and David

  • Ahijah - to (united) Israel (~931 BC) Shiloh - 1 Kings 11:29-40; 14:1-18 - about the division of the united kingdom

  • Shemaiah - to Judah (926 BC) 2 Chronicles 12:1-12 - about Egypts plundering of Jerusalem

  • Unnamed Prophet - 1 Kings 13:1-32 - about the destruction of the altar at Bethel

  • Elijah - to Israel (870-845 BC) Tishbe - 1 Kings 17-21; 2 Kings 1-2 - amazing miracles

  • Micaiah - to Israel (853 BC) 1 Kings 22:1-28 - about Ahab’s impending death

  • Jehu, son of Hanani - to Israel & Judah (853 BC) 1 Kings 16:1-7; 2 Chronicles 19:1-3 - to Baasha & rebukes Jehoshaphat

  • Elisha - to Israel and Judah (845-798 BC) Abel Meholah - 1 Kings 19:16-21; 2 Kings 2:1-9:13; 13:14-21 - many miracles

  • Unnamed Prophet - to Judah - 2 Chronicles 25:14-24 - warning to Amaziah about Edomite idols

  • Jonah - to Nineveh (783-753 BC) Gath-hepher - 2 Kings 14:25; book of Jonah - call to Nineveh to repent, to Jeroboam

  • Amos - to Israel (765-754 BC) Tekoa - book of Amos - warning and rebuke to turn back to the Lord

  • Hosea - to Israel (758-725 BC) Israel - book of Hosea - marital example of Israel’s unfaithfulness to God

  • Isaiah - to Judah (740-681 BC) Jerusalem - 2 Kings 19-20; 2 Chronicles 26:22; 32:20; book of Isaiah - judgment and hope

  • Micah - to Judah (738-698 BC) Moresheth-gath - Jeremiah 26:18; book of Micah - about Israel’s impending fall

  • Obed - to Israel (732 BC) 2 Chronicles 28:5-15 - rebuke to return 200,000 prisoners back to Judah

  • Nahum - about Nineveh (663-612 BC) Elkosh - book of Nahum - judgment of Nineveh and Assyria

  • Zephaniah - to Judah (641-628 BC) book of Zephaniah - judgement and hope

  • Jeremiah - to Judah (626-582 BC) Anathoth - 2 Chronicles 35:25; 36:12; book of Jeremiah - judgment of Judah

  • Huldah - to Judah (623 BC) 2 Kings 22:14-20; 2 Chronicles 34:22-28 - prophetess, encourages Josiah’s changes

  • Uriah - to Judah - Jeremiah 26:20-23 - killed by Jehoiakim when calls for repentance

  • Habakkuk - to Judah (609-598 BC) book of Habakkuk - dialogues with God, revealing God’s character

  • Daniel - in Babylon (605-540 BC) Babylon - book of Daniel - in captivity shows faithfulness to God & faithfulness of God

  • Ezekiel - to Israelite exiles in Babylonia (593-571 BC) Babylon - book of Ezekiel - judgment and hope

  • Obadiah - about Edom (590 BC) Judah - book of Obadiah - judgment against Edom

  • Zechariah - to Judah (522-509 BC) Jerusalem - book of Zechariah - encouragement to rebuild the temple

  • Haggai - to Judah (520 BC) Jerusalem - book of Haggai - refocuses exiles on rebuilding the temple

  • Malachi - to Judah (465 BC) Unknown - book of Malachi - call to obedience and promise of the Messiah’s coming

  • Joel - to Judah (450 BC) Jerusalem - book of Joel - poetry about God’s justice

Historical Events in Israel

(BC = “Before Christ”, AD = Anno Domini, ”in the year of the Lord”)

https://embassies.gov.il/UnGeneva/AboutIsrael/history/Pages/History-Israel-Timeline.aspx

~ 1000 BC - The Inhabitants of Jerusalem - Joshua 15:63

“But the Jebusites, the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the people of Judah could not drive out, so the Jebusites dwell with the people of Judah at Jerusalem to this day.”

900-612 BC Assyrian Empire

722 BC - Assyrian (Sargon II) Conquest of Israel - 2 Kings 17:6

“In the ninth year of Hoshea, the king of Assyria captured Samaria, and he carried the Israelites away to Assyria and placed them in Halah, and on the Habor, the river of Gozan, and in the cities of the Medes.”

612 - 539 BC  Babylonian Empire

586 BC - Babylonian (Nebuchadnezzar) Conquest of Israel and Destruction of Temple - 2 Kings 25:9,21

“And he burned the house of the LORD and the king’s house and all the houses of Jerusalem; every great house he burned down. …[21] And the king of Babylon struck them down and put them to death at Riblah in the land of Hamath. So Judah was taken into exile out of its land.”

539-332 BC Medo-Persian Empire

539 BC  - Medes and Persians defeat Babylon

538 BC - Israelites Return to Israel - Ezra & Nehemiah (King Cyrus of Persia releases Jewish people)

538-142 BC - The Second Temple Period (516 BC - Temple rebuilt)

333 to 167 BC - The Greek Period

167 to 63 BC - The Maccabean, or Hasmonean Period

“removed pagan elements from the Temple…and rededicated the Temple in December, 164…memorialized in the Jewish feast of Hanukkah (‘Dedication’).” https://www.biblegateway.com/resources/encyclopedia-of-the-bible/History-Israel

129 BC - Jews Regain Control of Israel

63 BC - Romans Conquer Israel

The Roman Period (Diaspora) - 63 BC to 313 AD

66 AD - Jewish Revolt against the Romans

70 AD - Destruction of Jerusalem

73 AD - Last stand of Jews at Masada

132 AD - Bar Kohba Revolt against Hadrian

313-636 AD Byzantine Rule

330 AD - Constantine Converts to Christianity

380 AD - Christianity become the Roman State Religion

538 AD - Catholic Papacy Increases in Power (Justinian’s Caesaro-Papism)

571 AD - Muhammad begins Islam

636-1099 AD - Arab Rule

645 AD  - The Rashidun Caliphate

691 AD - The Umayyad Caliphate

782 AD - The Abbasid Caliphate

1073 AD - The Seljuk Empire

1099-1291 AD - The Crusades (www.history.com/topics/middle-ages/crusades)

The First Crusade (1096-1099 AD)

The Second Crusade (1147-1149 AD)

The Third Crusade (1187-1192 AD)

The Fourth Crusade (1202-1204 AD)

Final Crusades (1208-1271 AD)

1291 - 1561 AD - Mamluk Rule (The Ayyubid Sultanate)

1517 - 1917 AD - The Ottoman Empire

1860 AD - First Neighborhood built outside Jerusalem’s Old City walls

1882-1903 AD - First Aliya (large scale immigration), mainly from Russia

1904-1914 AD - Second Aliya, mainly from Russia and Poland

1909 AD - First kibbutz, and first all-Jewish city (Tel Aviv)

1918 - 1948 AD - British Rule

1919-1923 AD - Third Aliya, mainly from Russia

1922 AD - Britain granted a Mandate for Palestine (land of Israel) by the League of Nations

1929 AD - Fourth Aliya, mainly from Poland, escaping Adolf Hitler

1933-1939 AD - Fifth Aliya, mainly from Germany

1939-1945 AD - World War II, Holocaust

1948 AD - The State of Israel is established

1949 AD - War of Independence - Egypt, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon.

Jerusalem divided under Israeli & Jordan rule.

1948-1952 AD - Mass immigration from Europe and Arab countries.

1967 AD - The Six Day War - Egypt, Jordan, Syria, Iraq, and Lebanon

1973 AD - Yom Kippur War - Egypt & Syria (~20 days)

2023 AD - Hamas’ Terroristic Attacks on Israel

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